Buginese Perception: the Softness of Local Language in Bone

Local language which is also known as mother tongue has to be protected and always be maintained in process. As a part of a local culture and also as national precious wealth, local language has more complexity than people think. In Indonesia, the existence of local language has spread in whole territory. South Sulawesi for instance has various ethnics (Bugis, Makassar, Mandar and Toraja) and each of them use local dialect to show their identity. These four ethnics are the largest in South Sulawesi and one of the most interesting local languages to discuss is Bugis Bone. However, Bone has a fascinating language and continues to receive attention from expert because not even a few phenomenon that arise in a range of Bone dialect.

The Bugineses particularly in Bone is known will not kill the word by means they avoid the consonant letter at the end of words if possible. This is the reason of Buginese often experience excess-letters in pronounce a word. This term is often referred to ókkots by the Makassar young man. Ókkots often befall to Buginese because their speaking character prioritizes to the smoothness of utterance. When a word ends with consonant (huruf mati in Bahasa) it is revived by adding a vowel at the end of the utterance. This pattern can be obviously seen in the words of botol (bottle) and motor (motorcycle) in Bahasa, it becomes botolo (botol) and motoro (motor) in Bugis Bone. Another example, to refine the words in an utterance, it is also done by adding a consonant at the end, like the word amang instead of aman in Bahasa which mean safe, also the same pattern in word macan in Bahasa transform into macang which mean a tiger. This refinement is formed by considering the sound of the utterance. Basically if the words sound harsh, there will be a vowel or consonant to cover it in order to form a polite word. It is clearly described that a language can be powerful that it is treated like a live creature.

Buginese character is evidently reflected in language activities, they always put subtleties in language, trying to avoid a harsh expression and unpleasant word has always been attached to the language of Buginese especially in Bone. The interesting case occurs in when calling second person pronoun. Idi’ is used instead of using kamu in Bahasa. In Buginese literal translation, the word idi’ can be used to describe the word “you” and “we”, and commonly people in Bone use idi’ which truthfully means the subject of the speaker sees himself in other people. The same condition in Makassar, native speakers also use kita as second person pronoun “you” where in Bahasa kita means “we”. The egalitarianism or equality contained in the word of idi’ educates us that all people have the same position and have to be treated respectfully.

Local language as a mother tongue (L1) has many moral values in its existence. Buginese in Bone basically prioritize softness words and, and treat the letters which is the basic form language as well as possible. That is the rationale of Buginese in Bone perception try to avoid harsh words. Local language in Bone be an inherent identity and widely known in the community not only the uniqueness of his accent but more to bring nobleness like refining the words. By that reason, the pride of the language used must always be imparted to the next generation.

Kinds of Paragraph

      Here I share about some general paragraphs type and provide with simple examples. Hope this is useful  for your academic or scientific writing. I have also added some signal words inserted in each paragraph which indicate their paragraphs types. The most important is you have to remember that there are three basic part in paragraph, it is the Topic sentence (main idea) The supporting sentences (explaining the topic) and Concluding sentence (repeating the main idea or giving final comment about the topic). You can analyze each of the paragraph below and make your own paragraph based on this pattern..!!'
Correct me if the examples have any mistake. Your comment will be appreciated.

A. DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH

WIFI.id corner which is supported by Telkomsel become famous from its first launching, the internet spot mushroomed through over region of Indonesia. Unlike other wifi-hotspot (café or public spots) every laptop and smartphone are able to connect unlimited internet only by paying 5.000 IDR for vouchers or register via texting a message. It lasts until 12 hours with internet speed connection can reach over a hundred megabit per second. The places of Wifi.id corner can easily be found. Sometimes it is placed around the Telkom inc. and has some banners displayed with Telkomsel logo in it. However this innovative concept is introduced by Telkomsel as a famous cellular operator in Indonesia and working hard to fulfill the consumers need.

B. PROCESS PARAGRAPH

A good score mirrors a good student. If you want to get good score in an exam, there are many steps you can follow. Firstly, you should revise theories of all subjects. This step is very necessary because gives us an overall view and knowledge of all the subjects. You can revise theories by reading it text books. One important thing you should remember is that you should not learn new lesson before yotu handle learnt ones. Secondly sometimes in revising lessons, you may not understand them thoroughly. Don’t worry because thus step will help you overcome it. You should discuss with your friend or your teachers, if possible you can ask them to give you some exercises to make sure that you have a good understanding of the lesson. Thirdly do not forget to take care of yourself during the exam preparation. It is very important to be in good mental and physical condition for the exam. And the last thing is to keep a positive attitude about the exam as it is a way to demonstrate your knowledge but not as imposing challenge. If you follow three steps above, I believe that at least you will have a good score in the exam.

C. OPINION PARAGRAPH

I am a loner and a single fighter. I do not regret this condition because I like to be alone. Ordinary people look enjoy themselves as part of community but it doesn’t work in my personality. They always ask me to merge with other people in order to get new experience and communicate with a lot of fun. I don’t understand why I have to spend my time to talk with another people who I don’t even know them exactly and determining whether it is fun for me or not. It is my life and I do everything for myself and this leads my way. No one knows what is better for me than myself. I know what I can do and I know what I can’t do. For that reason I am alone because of my choice and do not disturb my privacy life.

D. FACT PARAGRAPH

Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the internet protocol to link the devices worldwide. By the mid of 1990 the internet had become a popular form of telecommunication for personal computer users. The dramatic growth in the number of persons using the network heralded the most important change in telecommunication since the introduction of television in 1940. By this fact, the sudden popularity of this communication technology raised many effects to whole aspect and it begins to conquer the country with the new era of technology.

E. COMPARE PARAGRAPH

I never realized how similar parents and their children can be. My father, a person I admire the most, has a habit of snapping his feet on the floor while watching a boxing channel in television. This I realized after watching him closely and my father did this habit for a long time. I do not know the reason of my father did that. He kept doing that habit until one day I tried to ask him. The one time I mentioned the behavior, my father looks embarrassed, and he tried for a while to break himself of the habit. Although I vowed never to develop any such quirk, I recently caught myself in the middle of watching soccer channel. I got frustrated because my team could not even try to score the goal. Spontaneously there was unfamiliar sound that bothered me a lot. After I realized, that was my feet who kept snapping like previously my father did. My father who accidentally near me had a quite respond although I knew that inside, he was laugh out loud. Both my father and I have the same habit after all. The lineage cannot deny. Now I know just how maddeningly similar parents and their children can be.

F. CONTRAST PARAGRAPH

My brother and I have different personality and interest. My older brother, Sammy has a neat habit in all the aspect of his life. The room organized perfectly so it looks peace when we watch the room either it’s from corner or front. The chair, the bookshelf, bed are put in order which could be easily to reach. Nothing messed order in Sammy’s room. Although he is a musician, the guitar and all of his music instruments look new because he always take care his own stuff. On the other hand, my life is not as easy as my brother. I am a soccer player and every day I have to wake up early to go to school after tiring-training at the night. I don’t’ have time to arrange my goods neatly, I just put my stuff where it fits although my room end with tight space inside. I am so busy that my club does not even have an off day in process. I cannot manage my time to other aspect and do perfect thing like my brother does. But I enjoy my life and it was fun to have different thing with my brother, at least we can share each other.

G. PROBLEM-SOLUTION PARAGRAPH

Drug is rife in many countries. Billions of dollars are spent internationally preventing drug use, treating addicts, and fighting drug-related crime. Although drugs threaten many societies, their effects can also be combated successfully. Drug abuse can cause multiple problems for countries and communities. The medical and psychological effects are very obvious. Addicts cannot functions normal members of society. They neglect or abuse their families, and eventually require expensive treatment or hospitalization. Huge police resources are needed to fight smuggling and dealing criminal gangs and mafia underworlds develop with the money from drugs. The menace of drugs can be fought. Education is the first battle. Children need to be told at home and in school about drugs. People need to be aware of the effects so they can avoid this problem. A second approach is to increase police manpower and create effective laws to stop dealers. However the main target should be the user. Although the problem of drugs may seem impossible to eliminate, there are concrete steps that can be taken to weaken the hold of drugs on society. The danger from drugs is too great to ignore for us and our children

Graduate Program of State University of Makasssar (Class C)

Behavior and Social Interaction in Social Networking

    Social networking is a concept that has introduced since the beginning of the humankind. Ever since humans began to colonize the earth, they have built, and preserving social ties. Through the course of time, social interactions have become more complex. Interactions and communications have grown and expanded through over the world with different ways. One of the most innovative is the internet. The computational neuroscientist, Terrence J. Sejnowsky (2016) stated Internet as an extension of human brain which has omnivorous appetite for information and social interaction. Over a decade, the internet has made a possibility for persons to keep in touch no matter whenever and wherever they may be in this earth. This endless interaction provides opportunities to change the way of human life and moreover the world.

    In recent year, it is not too grandiose to say that popular social networking sites have conquered almost all the population of human being around the world. Men, women, white, blacks, young and even old man are more likely spending their time to online. According to online statistics portal (Statista: 2016) there are 21 most visited social networking sites including in Smartphone apps. The statistics showed Facebook.com as the most visited site to surpass 1.5 billion monthly active users, and WhatsApp standing at the second rank with 1 billion users. Due to a constant presence in the lives of their users, social networks have a decidedly strong social impact.

    Despite that social networking have penetrated in all the aspect of human life, sparse literature explains the behavior aspect in depth about the context of interaction through internet. Since talking about the virtual world, it is not only using oral in online interaction but normally the users express their existence with written form, where people just generally share or post with their written typing on keyboard. Unlike the oral, the written communication has more complexity to investigate. This condition continues to receive attention from expert. It happened because not even a few cases that arise because of the intimacy between the users and social networking sites involved their written language.

    The social networking have received a lot of media attention in the past few years, notably in 2008 the terrorist in Mumbai used twitter as a medium of information. But in another condition the twitter users helped some victims to get some blood donors by writing pleas and spread them at their timeline.

    However misinformation and some rumors can rapidly spread on social media particularly with a simple writing, sometimes user of social networking judges the writing as an offensive statement but sometimes comes with normal respond depending on the readers. Fundamentally, the social networking is created to connect people in order to get interaction in their community and there are various behaviors to have rooted in the social networking since its expansion. Furthermore to investigate these behaviors, it has to be involving the intimacy between the user and the social networking sites, by means of that condition it is enormously possible that people who are in social interaction can influence one another (Sharad cited in Centola, 2013:83).

    Based on the circumstance, the intent of this investigation is to examine, do social interaction in social networking sites separate people and truncate their relationships? And are there benefits related with being connected to other individual or community in social networking?